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Published as: Nat Plants. ; 2: 161406140.HHMI Author Manuscript HHMI Author Manuscript HHMI Author ManuscriptEvolution of an atypical de-epoxidase for photoprotection inside the green lineageZhirong Li1,2, Graham Peers3, Rachel M. Dent1, Yong Bai1, Scarlett Y. Yang1,, Wiebke Apel1,, Lauriebeth Leonelli1, and Krishna K. Niyogi1,2 Hughes Healthcare Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA2Molecular 1HowardBiophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA3DepartmentAbstractPlants, algae and cyanobacteria need to regulate photosynthetic light harvesting in response towards the continuously altering light atmosphere.1251005-61-4 web Rapid adjustments are essential to preserve fitness for the reason that of a tradeoff between effective solar energy conversion and photoprotection. The xanthophyll cycle, in which the carotenoid pigment violaxanthin is reversibly converted into zeaxanthin, is ubiquitous amongst green algae and plants and is necessary for the regulation of light harvesting, protection from oxidative strain, and adaptation to distinctive light conditions1,two. Violaxanthin deepoxidase (VDE) will be the key enzyme responsible for zeaxanthin synthesis from violaxanthin below excess light. Here we show that the CVDE gene in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes an atypical VDE. This protein is just not homologous towards the VDE located in plants and is rather connected to a lycopene cyclase from photosynthetic bacteria3. Unlike the plant-type VDE that may be positioned within the thylakoid lumen, the Chlamydomonas CVDE protein is located around the stromal side with the thylakoid membrane.2-(2-Bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxolane custom synthesis Phylogenetic analysis suggests that CVDE evolved from an ancient de-epoxidase that was present inside the common ancestor of green algae and plants, providing proof of unexpected diversity in photoprotection within the green lineage.PMID:24818938 Photosynthetic organisms are subjected to a sizable dynamic range of light intensities, which can vary rapidly as a result of canopy shading, passing clouds, or sunflecks, too as on a everyday or seasonal basis. To permit optimal photosynthesis at low light intensities and to avoid photo-Users may perhaps view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content material in such documents, for the purposes of academic analysis, topic normally to the full Circumstances of use: http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Correspondence and requests for supplies should really b.
